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Irish Child Health Database - Peer Reviewed Papers

Database Search

How to use this database.

• Method 1- uses a free natural language approach.

  After choosing the object of the search – by ticking title, abstract, aims and objective, or author - enter a term, word or name in the ‘Search’ box to return references answering your research question.

• Method 2 - utilises key words.

  Those key words assigned from thesauruses of controlled vocabulary by the trained coders of international bibliographic databases.
  The controlled vocabularies key word are listed alphanumerically under 'Bibliographic database keywords' .
  Use the drop down menu to identity which 'key words' you are interested in to return references to answer your research question.

• Method 3 - is based on the indexing system

  developed by the researchers who compiled this database.
  It adopts a thematic approach to mapping Irish child health research. The themed areas represent outcomes mapped to the International Classification of Disease version 10 (ICD-10) or one of 23 other health-related themed outcomes. Themes are defined in Tables 5 to 7 (of the study report).
  Use the alphabetic drop down menu under ‘ICD-10 or themed health-related outcomes’ to identity which themed areas you are interested in to select references to answer your research question.

• Method 4 – allows papers to be searched by Study type.

  Indexing by study type offers a valuable insight into understanding the population impact of the topic of interest. More than 20 study types were identified across the 2,152 study papers. These are defined in Table 3 (of the study report). Within 'Study type' papers are further stratification by geographical region (Table 49), topic area of interest and study aims and objectives.
  Click on 'Study type' to select the type of study of interest, progressively select sub-categories by topic area or other sub-classification of interest to answer your research question.

The complete background, methods and findings from this mapping exercise are detailed in the study report.

newborn

Your search returns 35 documents

• 1.   A review of neonatal attendances out of hours in a Dublin maternity hospital

  The aim of this study was to examine numbers of neonates attending an acute neonatal service out of hours and the percentage of neonates treated as a true emergency

  

  Abstract:

  Background: All neonates have free open access to the Baby Clinic at the maternity hospitals in Dublin for assessment of neonatal health issues. Through observation, however there is an increase in number of neonates attending the hospital outside the Baby Clinic hours. Aims: To determine the number of neonates attending the acute neonatal service out of hours and to identify the more...

  International Classification:

  Health service provision

  Categories:

  acute neonatal services

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Journal of Medical Science, Vol: 175 Page: 62-65 2006
  L. F. A. Wong; K. T. Lim; A. Twomey; J. Murphy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 2.   Admission to neonatal intensive care with respiratory morbidity following 'term' elective caesarean section

  The aim of this study was to examine the number and clinical details of term infants delivered by elective caesarean section who were admitted to neonatal intensive care from 1st April 2001 to 31st March 2002

  

  Abstract:

  Delaying the timing of elective caesarean section (ELCS) from 37/38 weeks to 39/40 weeks reduces the risk of respiratory morbidity in otherwise healthy neonates. The aims of this study were to clarify the number and clinical details of term infants delivered by ELCS who were admitted to neonatal intensive care (NIC) from 1st April 2001 to 31st March 2002 in Northern Ireland, to record more...

  International Classification:

  Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium - elective caesarean section

  Categories:

  elective caesarean section;

  Geography:

  Northern Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 98 Page: 170-172 2005
  F. Alderdice; E. McCall; C. Bailie; S. Craig; J. Dorman; R. McMillen; J. Jenkins

  [Preview] [Read]

• 3.   Blood gas monitoring in very low birth weight infants receiving respiratory support: A survey of current practice in the UK and Ireland

  This study aimed to explore current blood gas monitoring in very low birth weight infants receiving respiratory support

  

  Abstract:

  Aim: To determine the frequency with which different methods of blood gas monitoring are used during each phase of neonatal critical care. Method: Data on the modality of monitoring of respiratory gas parameters in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving respiratory support (ventilation or supplemental oxygen) were requested from 101 neonatal units in the United Kingdom (UK) and more...

  International Classification:

  Practice/knowledge - blood gas monitoring

  Categories:

  blood gas monitoring;

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

  Journal of Clinical Excellence, Vol: 4 Page: 403-410 2003
  V. Ganesan; S. Malbon; P. W. Jones; S. A. Spencer

  [Preview] [Read]

• 4.   Can neonatal TSH screening reflect trends in population iodine intake?

  The aim of this study was to examine neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone screening and population iodine

  

  Abstract:

  Background: The distribution of neonatal blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations has been used as an index reflecting population dietary iodine intake, with higher concentrations being indicative of lower iodine intake. We examined this distribution in neonates born in Ireland, where the pregnant population has shown a recent decline in urinary iodine (UI) excretion. Our more...

  International Classification:

  Endcrine, nutritional and metabolic disease - neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone

  Categories:

  thyroid-stimulating hormone screening; population iodine

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Thyroid, Vol: 18 Page: 883-888 2008
  R. Burns; P. D. Mayne; C. O'Herlihy; D. F. Smith; M. Higgins; A. Staines; P. P. A. Smyth

  [Preview] [Read]

• 5.   Comparing the gut flora of Irish breastfed and formula-fed neonates aged between birth and 6 weeks old

  The aim of the study was to compare the gut flora of Irish breastfed and formula-fed neonates aged between birth and 6 weeks old

  

  Abstract:

  The exact composition of the complex microsystem that constitutes the gut flora continues to be explored as molecular methodology supplements traditional microbiological studies. The current study reports a random analysis of the faecal flora composition for 31 neonates in the 0-1 day age group, 41 neonates aged 2-5 days and 33 6-week-old neonates. All infants, born at the National more...

  International Classification:

  Breastfeeding +/- formulae milk

  Categories:

  breastfed

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, Vol: 17 Page: 163-168 2005
  G. Cooke; J. Behan; N. Clarke; W. Gorman; M. Costello

  [Preview] [Read]

• 6.   Congenital subglotic haemingiomas

  These case reports discuss three cases of subglottic haemingiomas all of which represented different clinical management strategies

  

  Abstract:

  Congenital subglottic haemingomas are rare however they are important treatable cause of infantile stridor and can be fatal unless treated. They present in a range of ways most noticeably with stridor in infancy period and as they enlarge they can threaten the airway. Thus they require urgent assessment and treatment. We present three cases of subglottic haemingiomas all of which more...

  International Classification:

  Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism - Report

  Categories:

  subglottic haemingiomas

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 101 Page: 339-341 2007
  M. H. Khan; P. Walshe; J. Russell; S. Hone

  [Preview] [Read]

• 7.   Cytomegalovirus infection in paediatric haemopoietic stem cell transplantation

  The aim of this study was to audit reports of Cytomegalovirus infection to determine prevalence and outcome in the national paediatric Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant unit, with particular reference to surveillance and treatment

  

  Abstract:

  A retrospective audit of CMV infection was undertaken to determine prevalence and outcome in the national paediatric Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) unit, with particular reference to surveillance and treatment. All patients undergoing HSCT (125 allogeneic, 50 autologous) from January 1994 to December 2004 were included. Nine underwent a second transplant for graft failure or more...

  International Classification:

  Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - Viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions- cytomegalovirus infection

  Categories:

  cytomegalovirus infection

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 101 Page: 17-21 2008
  A. L. Chong; F. Clinton; F. Breatnach; A. O'Marcaigh; K. Butler; A. O'Meara

  [Preview] [Read]

• 8.   Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of haemolytic disease of the newborn

  The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of haemolytic disease of the newborn

  

  Abstract:

  Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is indicated for use in Rhesus and ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) to reduce the need for exchange transfusion, to decrease hospital stay and the duration of phototherapy. 11 infants received IVIG and the effect of IVIG on the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, and its effect on the rate of rise of TSB was quantified. There was a more...

  International Classification:

  Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism - Haemolytic anaemias - haemolytic disease

  Categories:

  haemolytic disease

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 101 Page: 46-48 2008
  S. A. Walsh; N. Yao; A. El-Khuffash; A. Twomey; E. J. Molloy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 9.   Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure and simultaneous excision of oral teratoma

  This case report discusses a case of a large oral teratoma in a foetus diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound

  

  Abstract:

  We report a case of a large oral teratoma in a foetus diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound. Due to the anticipated difficulty in securing the airway at birth an ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was planned. In this case simultaneous excision of the tumour mass was carried out while on placental support this allowed safe procurement of the airway and successful delivery of an more...

  International Classification:

  Neoplasm - Report

  Categories:

  oral teratoma

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 100 Page: 632-633 2007
  E. Lang; J. Loughrey; K. Hunter; H. Rowley

  [Preview] [Read]

• 10.   Fetal hydrops due to supraventricular tachycardia - Successful outcome in a difficult case

  This case report discusses fetal hydrops due to supraventricular tachycardia

  

  International Classification:

  Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Report

  Categories:

  fetal hydrops

  Geography:

  Northern Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 96 Page: 52-53 2003
  G. Doherty; S. Bali; F. Casey

  [Preview] [Read]

• 11.   Improving the Apgar score: is it still viable?

  The article discusses if improvement of the Apgar score is still viable

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 100 Page: 421-422 2007
  J. E. Hegarty; J. S. Craig

  [Preview] [Read]

• 12.   Insertion of umbilical arterial and venous catheters

  The article discusses insertion of umbilical arterial and venous catheters

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 98 Page: 151-153 2005
  C. S. O'Gorman

  [Preview] [Read]

• 13.   Irish neonatal mortality statistics for 2000 [1]

  The article discusses Irish neonatal mortality statistics 2002

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Journal of Medical Science, Vol: 172 Page: 154%N 3 2003
  A. Waters; S. M. Gormally

  [Preview] [Read]

• 14.   Moving beyond birth asphyxia as the cause of cerebral palsy

  The article discusses moving beyond Birth Asphyxia as the cause of cerebral palsy

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 94 Page: 68-70 2001
  D. G. M. McDonald; J. B. McMenamin

  [Preview] [Read]

• 15.   Multiple source surveillance incidence and aetiology of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death in a rural population in the West of Ireland

  The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, survival and aetiology of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death in the West of Ireland for the year 2005

  

  Abstract:

  Aims: There is a paucity of published data on prospectively identified rates of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD). We sought to determine the incidence, survival and aetiology of out-of-hospital SCD in the West of Ireland for the year 2005. Methods and results: Data from emergency room resuscitation records were collected throughout the year from all hospitals in the West of more...

  International Classification:

  Diseases of the circulatory system - Other forms of heart disease - sudden cardiac death

  Categories:

  sudden cardiac death

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  European Heart Journal, Vol: 29 Page: 1418-1423 2008
  R. Byrne; O. Constant; Y. Smyth; G. Callagy; P. Nash; K. Daly; J. Crowley

  [Preview] [Read]

• 16.   Neonatal and perinatal mortality must be tackled globally

  This article discusses neonatal and perinatal mortality

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 99 Page: 196%N 7 2006
  J. F. Murphy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 17.   Neonatal diagnostic difficulty in hereditary spherocytosis [2]

  This case report discusses neonatal diagnostic difficulty in hereditary spherocytosis

  

  International Classification:

  Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism - Report

  Categories:

  hereditary spherocytosis

  Geography:

  Northern Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 99 Page: 2006
  L. McFetridge; J. McAloon; J. Hughes

  [Preview] [Read]

• 18.   Neonatal seizures-management and outcome in a regional unit [1]

  The aim of this study was to examine neonatal seizures-management and outcome in a regional unit

  

  International Classification:

  Neonatal seizures

  Categories:

  Neonatal seizures

  Geography:

  Northern Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 95 Page: 122-123 2002
  C. Mayes; J. Yarr; D. Spence; R. Tubman; H. L. Halliday

  [Preview] [Read]

• 19.   New-onset heart failure due to heart muscle disease in childhood: A prospective study in the United Kingdom and Ireland

  The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and outcome of heart muscle disease-induced heart failure in children

  

  Abstract:

  BACKGROUND: We undertook the first prospective, national, multicenter study to describe the incidence and outcome of heart muscle disease-induced heart failure in children. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were collected on patients admitted to a hospital through 2003 with a first episode of heart failure in the absence of congenital heart disease. All 17 pediatric cardiac centers in the more...

  International Classification:

  Other - heart muscle disease-induced heart failure

  Categories:

  heart muscle disease-induced heart failure

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

  Circulation, Vol: 117 Page: 79-84 2008
  R. E. Andrews; M. J. Fenton; D. A. Ridout; M. Burch

  [Preview] [Read]

• 20.   Occurence of Candida infections in the neonatal intensive care unit

  This study examined the occurrence of candida infections in a neonatal intensive care unit

  

  International Classification:

  Hospital infection - in a neonatal intensive care unit

  Categories:

  candida infections

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 97 Page: 185-186 2004
  S. Imran; F. Gorman

  [Preview] [Read]

• 21.   Pain in newborns

  This article discusses pain in Newborns

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 95 Page: 229-230 2002
  M. N. Chroinin; J. F. Murphy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 22.   Patent omphalomesenteric duct presenting as an umbilical discharge

  This case report discusses a case of patent omphalomesenteric duct presenting as an umbilical discharge

  

  International Classification:

  Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Report

  Categories:

  patent omphalomesenteric duct

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 94 Page: 182%N 6 2001
  F. Fleming; A. Ishtiaq; J. B. O'Connor

  [Preview] [Read]

• 23.   Pregnancy outcome in immigrant women

  The aim of this study was to examine pregnancy outcomes in immigrant women

  

  Abstract:

  In recent years the numbers of immigrants attending maternity hospitals has risen. The amount of antenatal care these women receive varies widely. Analysis was performed of deliveries to immigrant women in the Rotunda Hospital in 2002. Women were sub-divided depending on antenatal care received in Ireland. Women who received no antenatal care were 'unbooked', those who attended the more...

  International Classification:

  Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium - immigrant women

  Categories:

  pregnancy outcomes in immigrant women

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 99 Page: 2006
  A. Treacy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 24.   Prematurity is also a public health issue

  This article discusses prematurity as a public health issue

  

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 101 Page: 4%N 1 2008
  J. F. Murphy

  [Preview] [Read]

• 25.   Role of the Penrose drain in the management of VLBW infants with perforated necrotising enterocolitis

  This study examined role of the penrose drain in the management of very low birth weight infants with preforated necrotising enterocolitis

  

  Abstract:

  We studied the effectiveness of the Penrose drain in very low birth weight infants with BW < 1500g with perforated necrotizing Enterocolitis. We reviewed the infants with perforated NEC over the 9 years between 1995-2004. The inclusive criteria was free intraperitoneal air in VLBW infants < 1500g. A total 22 infants were studied. Gestational age ranged from 23 to 33 weeks. Perforated more...

  International Classification:

  Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Digestive system disorders of fetus and newborn - necrotising enterocolitis

  Categories:

  necrotising enterocolitis

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 100 Page: 533-534 2007
  K. Chauhan; S. Kashif; S. Awadalla

  [Preview] [Read]

• 26.   Screening for patent ductus arteriosus

  This aim of this study was to examine at the amount of training required to accurately assess ductal patency in very low birth weight infants and to show that this service could be provided by non-cardiologists

  

  Abstract:

  The aim of our study was to look at the amount of training required to accurately assess ductal patency in very low birth weight infants and to show that this service could be provided by non-cardiologists. Training consisted of an introductory echocardiography course, a CD package, and a total of 3 hours of teaching with a paediatric cardiologist. All of this was accomplished within more...

  International Classification:

  Premature - infants

  Categories:

  ductal patency;

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 99 Page: 240-242 2006
  M. Walsh; D. Coleman; J. Murphy; A. Twomey

  [Preview] [Read]

• 27.   Sedation with oral chloral hydrate in children undergoing MRI scanning

  This study examined sedation with oral chloral hydrate in children undergoing MRI scanning

  

  Abstract:

  In the absence of a general anaesthetic facility for MRI scanning in children, we introduced a sedation protocol using chloral hydrate. Our aim was to evaluate the success and safety of our protocol. This was a retrospective study enrolling 36 children over a 7 month period. The overall success rate was 86% with no child experiencing respiratory complications. In those less than one more...

  International Classification:

  Procedure - sedation with oral chloral hydrate

  Categories:

  sedation with oral chloral hydrate

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 101 Page: 80-82 2008
  E. Low; M. O'Driscoll; P. MacEneaney; O. O'Mahony

  [Preview] [Read]

• 28.   Session 1: Public health nutrition Folic acid food fortification: The Irish experience

  The article discusses public health nutrition folic acid food fortification: The Irish experience

  

  Abstract:

  Adequate intake of folic acid by women during very early pregnancy can markedly reduce risk of the development of neural-tube defects (NTD). The effectiveness of advice to women to take folic acid supplements is limited, mainly because 50% of pregnancies are unplanned. However, mandatory folic acid food fortification programmes in North America have been very successful in reducing NTD more...

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol: 67 Page: 381-389 2008
  M. A. T. Flynn; W. A. Anderson; S. J. Burke; A. Reilly

  [Preview] [Read]

• 29.   Successful ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure for congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) owing to a large oropharyngeal teratoma

  This case report discusses a case of a giant oropharyngeal teratoma diagnosed in a fetus of 19 weeks gestation

  

  Abstract:

  Large fetal neck masses can present a major challenge to securing an airway at birth, with associated risks of hypoxia, brain injury and death. The authors report a case of a giant oropharyngeal teratoma diagnosed in a fetus of 19 weeks gestation. The fetus was delivered by the ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure allowing sufficient time on placental support for bronchoscopy and more...

  International Classification:

  Diseases of the digestive system - Report

  Categories:

  oropharyngeal teratoma

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish Medical Journal, Vol: 99 Page: 242-243 2006
  F. Glynn; P. Sheahan; J. Hughes; J. Russell

  [Preview] [Read]

• 30.   Suicide and homicide effects on life expectancy and mortality in Ireland

  The aim of this study was to examine the cause-specific death rates with years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to suicide

  

  Abstract:

  Background: The time trends for suicide during the latter half of the 20th century in Ireland have not been presented and little is known about the effect of suicide and homicide on life expectancy for the Irish population. Methods: National mortality and population data in Ireland, from 1950 to 2000, were used in our study. All the data were collected from Vital Statistics, Central more...

  International Classification:

  External causes of morbidity and mortality - Intentional self-harm - suicide

  Categories:

  suicide

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Homeostasis in Health and Disease, Vol: 43 Page: 128-135 2005
  K. Aoki; J. Sun; A. Kono; J. Misumi

  [Preview] [Read]

• 31.   The efficacy and tolerability of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy: Infant and maternal outcome

  This study examined the efficacy and tolerability of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy

  

  Abstract:

  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Caesarean section (CS) delivery significantly reduce the risk of vertically transmitted HIV infection. Attention must focus on determining the optimal management strategy for HIV-positive pregnancies. Guidelines must reflect not only the activity and tolerability of combination ART in pregnancy for mother and infant and the potential short and long-term more...

  International Classification:

  Certain infectious and parasitic diseases - Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease - HIV

  Categories:

  HIV antiretroviral therapy

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  International Journal of STD and AIDS, Vol: 11 Page: 220-223 2000
  S. M. Clarke; F. Mulcahy; C. M. Healy; S. Condon; K. M. Butler

  [Preview] [Read]

• 32.   Transient renal failure in twins with maternal Cox-1/Cox-2 use in pregnancy

  This case report discusses transient renal failure in twins with maternal Cox-1/Cox-2 use in pregnancy

  

  International Classification:

  Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period - Report

  Categories:

  transient renal failure; maternal Cox-1/Cox-2 use in pregnancy

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland

  Irish medical journal., Vol: 98 Page: 249-250 2005
  I. Ali; C. A. Ryan

  [Preview] [Read]

• 33.   Trends in anorexia nervosa in Ireland: A register study

  The aim of this study was to examine trends in anorexia nervosa in Ireland between 1977 and 1985 using national registers of psychiatric and general hospital admissions

  

  Abstract:

  The assumption that anorexia nervosa has increased in incidence over this century in western societies, mainly in the young female population, has been questioned by recent studies. This paper examines trends in anorexia nervosa in Ireland between 1977 and 1985 using national registers of psychiatric and general hospital admissions. The findings broadly concur with international studies more...

  International Classification:

  Mental and behavioural disorders - Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors - anorexia nervosa

  Categories:

  anorexia nervosa

  Geography:

  the United Kingdom

  European Eating Disorders Review, Vol: 9 Page: 263-276 2001
  R. Shinkwin; P. J. Standen

  [Preview] [Read]

• 34.   Ultrasonography helpful in diagnosing developmental hip dysplasia

  The aim of this study was to assess if ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosing developmental hip dysplasia

  

  International Classification:

  Evaluation of the effectiveness of antenatal screening methods for hip dysplasia

  Categories:

  hip dysplasia

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

  Journal of Family Practice, Vol: 52 Page: 355-356 2003
  J. Bowe; E. J. Lindbloo

  [Preview] [Read]

• 35.   Ultrasonography in neonatal hip instability reduced the need for splints: Commentary

  Ultrasonography in neonatal hip instability reduced the need for splints: Commentary

  

  International Classification:

  Commentry

  Geography:

  Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

  Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A, Vol: 85 Page: 1623%N 8 2003
  J. H. Wedge

  [Preview] [Read]